高速公路收费定价模式研究

　　摘要
　　改革开放来，随着国民经济的快速发展，中国原有公路状况不适应经济发展的矛盾日益显露，在加快基础设施建设过程中，适应市场经济要求的新型公路建设投融资体制改革不断深化，多元化的融资渠道促进了公路收费制度的产生。车辆通行费的征收及收费制度的研究，对高速公路的建设发展具有十分重要的意义。
　　本文从高速公路收费标准确定的相关理论出发，分析了高速公路车辆通行费率和投资额、交通量、运营期限、收益率真等的各种影响因素之间的相互关系，依据高速公路收费标准制定的原则及相关政府规定，主要考虑以建设方利益为主，综合考虑道路使用者的利益为辅助，通过对新建或改扩建道路的级差效益进行分析比较，再应用类比法对收费方案进行拟定，提出了一个合理费率的拟定过程及计算模型，并对制定的收费费率所影响的高速公路经济效益进行适应性分析，提出了一个以净现值、内部收益率、投资回收期、效益费用比、借款偿还期为比选指标的评价模型。
　　本文以南涪高速公路为例，依据国家、重庆市相关法规、政策，结合交通量调查、分析与预测，运用以上收费定价模型对其收费费率进行合理制定。再对南涪高速公路整个经营期的经济适应性进行分析，验证了收费方案的合理性，既保证了投资人的良好经济利益，有保证了道路使用者的级差效益。
　　关键词:高速公路；级差效益；定价模式研究
　　ABSTRACT
Since the reformation and opening up,the original expressway situation in China that does not adapt to economy development shows up with the rapid development of national development day by day,in the process of speeding up the construction of basis equipments,the system reformation investment and financing type expressway construction that meet to market economy needs depending constantly,diversified investment ways have promoted to the production of of expressway toll system.The toll collection and toll system have made very important significance in expressway’s construction development.
This essay started from the related theory that made sure by expressway toll standard,which had analysed the mutual relationship between expressway car toll rate with various kinds of influence factors,like amount of investment,traffic volume,toll time limit,return rate,etc,according to the princples of expressway toll standards and the relevant government regulations,mainly concerned with the most priority for building side,comprehensive concerned the assist priority for road users,through the differential benefit of newly buitty or renovated the way carries on the analysis comparison,then the analogy method was used to calibrate the proposed toll schemes and put forward a reasonable rate of drafting process and calculation model,and the toll rate set by the expressway which was affected by the economic benefits of adaptability analysis,we put forward a net present value of the internal rate of return on net present value,inter payback rate,investment payback period,benefit-cost ratio,repayment period as the evaluation model for campaigning index.

This essay takes Nan-fu as an example,according to Chongqing,national related laws and polices coble formulation combined with the survey,analysis and forecast of traffic volume,make reasonable formulation for toll rate by pricing model all above.And then we make analysis on ecomic adaption throughout all the toll period of Nan-fu expressway,which has both ensured the excellent economic interests of investors,and guaranteeded the differential benefit of road users.

KEY WORDS：express way, road grade efficiency, toll collection rate research

(责任编辑：一枝笔写作)